The architecture firm Adarq, led by André David, has completed the refurbishment of the historic Bairro do Boneco in Entroncamento, Portugal, in 2024. The project transforms a former railroad workers’ residential quarter from the 1920s into a modern cultural center with a total area of 2,960 m².
The Bairro do Boneco is one of Portugal’s characteristic railroad workers’ housing estates and was built around 1920. The complex follows the typical geometry of a rectangular courtyard, which was common for workers’ housing estates of the time. Originally, the quarter comprised 18 residential units, spread over two elongated blocks of buildings: a two-storey block in the north with independent residential units and single-storey houses in the south.
The two-storey main building housed twelve apartments, each with four equally sized, interconnected rooms and an external bathroom. With a living space of around 52.60 m² per unit, each apartment also had a small private outdoor area. Access to the upper floor was via external staircases and galleries about one meter wide.
The redevelopment strategy envisaged a complete conversion: The outdated residential quarter was transformed into a cultural center that combines three main functions. The two-storey building houses the National Railway Documentation Center on the first floor, while the upper floor functions as an exhibition gallery. The single-storey south block was converted into a science center.
A special design element is an azulejo panel by renowned architect Álvaro Siza in the central courtyard, which tells the story of Entroncamento and the Bairro do Boneco. This artistic intervention creates an identity-forming link between the historical past and the new cultural use.
The planning philosophy aimed to preserve the morphological and architectural characteristics of the original complex while at the same time meeting the functional requirements of a modern cultural center. André David and his team developed a sensitive balance between monument protection and contemporary use.
A supporting volume was created for the documentation center, which partially intervenes in the rear courtyards between the existing National Railway Museum and the two-storey building. This solution enables a symbiotic connection between the new documentation center and the existing museum, which also allows direct access via the museum.
The construction work was carried out by CANAS, Engenharia e Construção, S.A., under the supervision of Sandra Ferreira and Guilherme Monteiro. The engineering planning was carried out by Gabicrel under José Monteiro, who was responsible for both the structural and building services planning.
Proven Portuguese and international manufacturers were used for the choice of materials: Cidade PVC supplied the window frames, SPSS the furniture, while JNF provided the fittings. Roca supplied the sanitaryware and Ofa the fittings. Forbo, Mapei and Vicente & Ramos were responsible for the floor coverings. The electrical installation was carried out using components from Efapel, and the lighting with products from Schréder and Philips. Coelho da Silva was responsible for the roof work.
The project is a model for sustainable urban renewal. Instead of demolishing the outdated residential structures, the sensitive conversion has made an important contribution to preserving the industrial heritage. The new cultural function not only enhances the immediate district, but also strengthens Entroncamento as the cultural center of the region.
The concentration of various scientific and cultural institutions in one place creates synergies and turns the former working-class district into a lively educational and meeting place. At the same time, the connection to the neighboring National Railway Museum is strengthened and a coherent cultural ensemble is created.
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