Coffin burials on the decline

Building design

A survey conducted by TNS Emnid Medien- und Sozialforschung GmbH on the funeral wishes of Germans revealed that less than a third (29 percent) of respondents want a coffin burial in the event of their own death. In 2004, the figure was 39 percent. The study carried out on behalf of the consumer initiative Aeternitas shows: More and more people prefer cremation and one of the […]

A survey conducted by TNS Emnid Medien- und Sozialforschung GmbH on the funeral wishes of Germans revealed that less than a third (29 percent) of respondents want a coffin burial in the event of their own death. In 2004, the figure was 39 percent. The study carried out on behalf of the consumer initiative Aeternitas shows: More and more people prefer cremation and one of the options of care-free burial of ashes. One in ten would like to find their final resting place in their own home.

Funeral wishes

There are clear differences between eastern and western Germany: while 33 percent in the west would like a standard coffin burial, the figure is only twelve percent in the east (2004: 41 percent and 29 percent respectively). The wish to keep the urn at home or in one’s own garden is more widespread in the eastern federal states: 22 percent compared to six percent of respondents from the west.

Funeral wishes (West and East Germany)

Although around 60 percent of Germans are members of one of the major churches, only 43 percent of respondents consider church support for their own funeral to be important (very important at 23 percent, somewhat important at 20 percent). 28 percent consider this unimportant and 27 percent do not wish to be accompanied by the church.

Church support

Church support is more important to women than men (very important: 28% compared to 18%). 60 percent of men consider church support to be unimportant (30 percent) or reject it (30 percent), compared to 51 percent of women.

Church support (gender)

A comparison between East and West shows that East Germans are less likely to want church support and more likely to reject it altogether: very important 14 percent to 25 percent, rather important 15 percent to 21 percent, rather unimportant 28 percent to 28 percent and no church support 42 percent to 24 percent.

Church support (West and East Germany)

1,005 citizens over the age of 14 were asked about their funeral wishes and their desire for church support.

Source: Aeternitas/ tns emnid 2013

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Building design

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Climate killer cannabis?

Building design
A cannabis plant in an indoor grow room.

CC BY-SA 4.0

The traffic light coalition is planning to legalize cannabis in Germany – in a highly controlled manner in licensed stores. However, according to a new study from Colorado, USA, the indoor cultivation of cannabis is now said to be as harmful to the climate as coal mining. So how green is this green initiative? Check out the facts.

The traffic light coalition is planning to legalize cannabis in Germany – in a highly controlled manner in licensed stores. However, according to a new study from Colorado, USA, the indoor cultivation of cannabis is now said to be as harmful to the climate as coal mining. So how green is this green initiative? Check out the facts.

It’s a done deal: in their coalition agreement , the parties in the traffic light coalition stipulate that cannabis will be legal for recreational purposes in future. The drug is only to be sold to adults via licensed stores. The coalition hopes that this will result in controlled quality free of impurities and the possibility of ensuring the protection of minors.

But a study from Colorado is causing a stir in this context. Cannabis has been legalized for recreational purposes in this US state for almost ten years. Tens of companies here now produce over 500 tons of dried hemp flowers. One major problem for the climate appears to be the cultivation method, as almost the entire quantity is grown in greenhouses under artificial light. This costs a lot of energy and therefore alsoCO2, as Hailey Summers and her team at Colorado State University found out. Depending on the cultivation location, between 2.3 and 5.2 tonsof CO2 equivalents are produced per kilogram of dried cannabis flowers.

In total, around 2.6 megatons of climate-impactingCO2 equivalentsare produced annually by the indoor cultivation of cannabis in Colorado. This is significantly more than the 1.8 megatons caused by coal mining in the state. Several factors are responsible for the high greenhouse gas emissions from the production of cannabis flowers. For example, not all production facilities are equipped with economical LEDs and are therefore not particularly energy-efficient to operate. Added to this is the energy required to heat the greenhouses and the drying facilities for the harvested flowers.

In order to protect the climate, the scientists propose modernizing the greenhouses with LEDs and optimizing the processing procedure. This could saveup to 2.1 megatons ofCO2 equivalents. One thing is clear: cannabis will always be produced, whether it is legal or not. However, outside the influence of any controlling authorities, the effects of illegal cannabis plantations on the climate, environment and consumers are even more devastating than those of legal ones, as the example of California shows.

Also interesting: Climate change – what happens in a worst-case scenario? With the help of a computer simulation, W-LAB has developed an idea that shows how we could live one day as a result of the changing climate.