Conversion of a factory building in Brooklyn

Building design

Photo: Naho Kubota

The young New York architecture firm Worrell Yeung has subjected a former factory complex to a thorough renovation in which the patina of the buildings has been artfully dissected. From an architectural point of view, New York is a city of constant growth and decay. Very unsentimentally, in many cases what has become unprofitable is cleared away to be replaced by […]

The young New York architecture firm Worrell Yeung has subjected a former factory complex to a thorough renovation in which the patina of the buildings has been artfully dissected.

From an architectural point of view, New York is a city of constant growth and decay. In many cases, what has become unprofitable is cleared away very unsentimentally in order to build bigger, higher and more expensive buildings in its place. Every square foot is too precious not to be put to the best possible use out of nostalgia. To a certain extent, the protection of historic buildings and monuments is a constraint – but where it is less about art history and more about cultural history, much disappears under the excavator shovel.

The New York architecture firm Worrell Yeung has just proved that there are exceptions: The two architects Max Worrell and Jejon Yeung, who studied together at Yale and opened their studio together in 2014, recently carefully renovated a conglomerate of historic industrial buildings in Brooklyn, leaving it with its patina. A former factory building from the 1920s forms the core of the old building stock. The six-storey building is aligned with the street and occupies the full depth of the plot. Three single-storey extensions are attached to one side. The architects had the garage originally located on the other side of the main building demolished in order to create a garden here. The employees who work in the building will be able to use it in future. It was designed by the landscape architects from Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates, who planted a small grove of lime trees in the open space. The trees grow on planted islands in a gravelled area – an arrangement that evokes both Japanese and Scandinavian associations. Roughly sawn oak trunks, which were collected by a ship’s carpenter after the last heavy storms on the American east coast and were actually intended for use in boat building, serve as seating. The architects left the building wall facing the courtyard in its original state. The silhouette of the former garage extension should thus remain visible.

Worrell Yeung was generally concerned with preserving and conserving traces of history on the former factory building. Inside the main building, the different layers of paint from the decades of use were left visible on the brick walls. The massive wooden pillars and beams that make up the framework of the building have also not been stripped of their signs of ageing, but proudly display the cracks and discoloration that time has inflicted on them. Although the heavy wooden ceilings have been painted white, they have not been given any further cosmetic treatment, so that the naked functionality of the structure remains clearly visible. The large workrooms on the former factory floors now form versatile spaces for a wide variety of uses. Where new fixtures were required, such as for bathrooms, kitchens or elevators, the architects opted for materials that match the typology of the building, such as untreated wood, stainless steel or checker plate for the flooring in the corridor and staircase areas. Worrell Yeung contrasted the checker plate with Japanese-style fixtures made of wood and opaque glass blocks, which create an exciting break from the industrial aesthetic.

The architects transformed the three side extensions to the main building into studios for artists and photographers. In order to let light into these elongated buildings, they restored the original glazed store fronts. They also created a small atrium-like inner courtyard between the main building and the annexes, through which additional daylight enters the rear areas of the studios and the lobby of the main building.

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Baroque II – Painting and Sculpture

Building design
"The Rapture of St. Theresa" by Bernini is one of the most famous Baroque sculptures. Photo: CC BY-SA 4.0, via: Wikimedia Commons

"The Rapture of St. Theresa" by Bernini is one of the most famous Baroque sculptures.
Photo: CC BY-SA 4.0, via: Wikimedia Commons

The Baroque period of the 17th century fundamentally changed painting and sculpture. Artists strove to captivate the viewer emotionally, stage spaces and dramatically intensify scenes. Light, movement, color and expression were used in a targeted manner to create sensory impact and drama. Works by Caravaggio, Rubens and Bernini combine virtuosity, realism and theatrical effect to create an overall experience.

The Baroque period set standards in painting and sculpture by creating works of art that had a strong emotional impact on the viewer and transported them into a sensually dramatic space. Unlike the calm harmony of the Renaissance, Baroque art aims for intensity, theatricality and movement to create an overwhelming overall experience. Figures appear alive, scenes dynamic and compositions dramatic, so that the viewer not only observes, but becomes part of the production.

The painting of this period thrives on strong contrasts of light and dark, the “chiaroscuro”, which Caravaggio in particular used masterfully. In works such as “The Calling of St. Matthew” (1599-1600), the light draws attention to central actions, while the figures are depicted as lively, realistic people. Gestures, facial expressions and postures convey feelings directly, create emotional closeness and intensify the sensory experience.
Peter Paul Rubens complemented this effect with dynamic compositions, powerful colors and lively postures. Scenes such as “The Descent from the Cross” appear as frozen moments of a moving flow in which body, movement and emotion merge. Rubens’ works combine virtuosity, sensuality and drama in an incomparable way.

In sculpture, Gian Lorenzo Bernini transformed the dynamic energy of painting into spatial theatricality. His famous “Rapture of St. Theresa” (1647-1652) shows how movement, light and material create an emotional stage production. The viewer experiences the work from different angles and becomes part of the scene. At the same time, the sculpture caused a real scandal: critics said it was too sensual and too ambiguous. The “Fountain of the Four Rivers” on the Piazza Navona in Rome can be seen as an example of how sculpture and architecture merge: movement, allegory and spatial dramaturgy.

The Baroque period often sought to merge architecture, painting and sculpture in order to create a uniform overall impression. The aim was to create as harmonious an effect as possible. Fresco cycles, for example in San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, create illusionistic spaces with curved shapes and lively lighting. Architecture, sculpture and painting interact, perspective and movement guide the eye and the viewer is actively involved in the staging. This combination creates a sensual and dramatic experience that appeals to all the senses.

Baroque art was deliberately created to overwhelm the senses and emotions – in religious, political and courtly contexts. During the Counter-Reformation in particular, works of art served as instruments for communicating faith. Movement, color, light and symbolic expressiveness intensify the effect and make the religious message directly tangible. Courtly and urban productions also follow the same principle: the viewer is emotionally and sensually involved.

The Baroque overcame the principles of Mannerism in favor of a conscious, sensual and expressive effect. While Mannerism relied on virtuosity, exaggeration and intellectual reflection, the Baroque used these means to create drama, emotional intensity and an immersive experience. The era laid the foundations for the Rococo and had a lasting influence on European art through its combination of virtuosity, theatricality and overall experience.

Infrastructure.innovation.building culture

Building design

What role should and must Baukultur play in the planning and implementation of infrastructure projects? This question will be addressed at the next Baukultur Workshop on November 20 and 21, 2017 in Frankfurt am Main under the motto “Infrastructure. Innovation. Baukultur. An efficient transport infrastructure is the basis for mobility, production and logistics. Major infrastructural projects are the subject of broad socio-political […]

What role should and must Baukultur play in the planning and implementation of infrastructure projects? This question will be addressed at the next Baukultur Workshop on November 20 and 21, 2017 in Frankfurt am Main under the motto “Infrastructure. Innovation. Baukultur.

An efficient transport infrastructure is the basis for mobility, production and logistics. Major infrastructure projects are the subject of broad socio-political debate, particularly as their design and functionality have an impact on the quality of life in urban and rural areas. Roads, bridges and railways will continue to be key elements that shape and structure landscapes and settlements. They can provide impetus for urban expansion areas and thus help to determine the future viability of a city. Especially against the backdrop of imminent changes in mobility, the topic is increasingly coming into focus.

The event, organized by the Bundesstiftung Baukultur in cooperation with DB Netz AG, will take place as part of the new mobility trade fair hypermotion (Congress Center Messe Frankfurt).

Registration is now open at www.bundesstiftung-baukultur.de.

The Baukultur workshops are the central event format of the Federal Foundation of Baukultur. Their results are incorporated into the Baukultur Report, which, as a status report, primarily formulates recommendations for action for political decision-makers.

Garten + Landschaft is a media partner of the Baukultur workshops. You can read about the previous Baukultur workshop in Bochum in September on the topic of “Conversion culture” in Garten + Landschaft 11/17.