The Neckar delta around Heidelberg has not only been a metropolitan region since modern times. The Celts and Romans settled here and left their traces behind, as numerous archaeological finds prove. Nevertheless, hardly anyone can really imagine what their own homeland looked like in the past. The HD Discovery Station brings long-gone eras to life on a virtually created area of 100 square kilometers, as you can see in the video

The Neckar delta around Heidelberg has not only been a metropolitan region since modern times. The Celts and Romans settled here and left their traces behind, as numerous archaeological finds prove. Nevertheless, hardly anyone can really imagine what their own homeland looked like in the past. The HD Discovery Station brings long-gone eras to life on a virtually created area of 100 square kilometers, as you can see in the video

Who wouldn’t want to travel back to the time when the royal seat of Heidelberg shone in princely splendor? visitors can go on a journey through time in the archaeological department of the Kurpfälzisches Museum in Heidelberg. The HD Discovery Station offers virtual exploration tours of Celtic and Roman life on the Neckar. Another level shows Heidelberg at the height of its political power around 1620, with several time windows offering a view of the siege situation in 1622.

On a journey through time in Heidelberg

The journey through time begins with a game controller. Whether flying from high above or hovering close to the ground, there is plenty to discover. Where were the artifacts on display in the museum found? Where, for example, was the Jupiter Giant’s Column located? And what did Heidelberg Castle and the city look like 400 years ago? The buildings of the past are recreated in great detail, while the landscape along the Neckar with the Heiligenberg also provides surprisingly natural impressions. There are also explanatory texts, illustrations and many opportunities for interaction.

Developed exclusively for the Kurpfälzisches Museum in Heidelberg

The interactive exhibit was developed and realized exclusively for the Kurpfälzisches Museum. This was made possible by the Manfred Lautenschläger Foundation and the Friends of the Kurpfälzisches Museum. The HD Discovery Station was expanded to include the 1620 time level for the “War and Peace” exhibition in September 2022. The development was carried out in collaboration with MESO Digital Interiors from Frankfurt, a design studio for interactive experiences at the interface of people, space and technology. The project is supported by the Surveying Office of the City of Heidelberg, and the HD Discovery Station has been one of the highlights of the Kurpfälzisches Museum since 2020.

“Historical trail” in the city forest redesigned

The storming of the city of Heidelberg by Tilly during the Thirty Years’ War took place 400 years ago. To mark the occasion, the forestry department of the municipal landscape and forestry office has redesigned the “Historical Trail” in cooperation with the Kurpfälzisches Museum and with funding from the Neckartal-Odenwald Nature Park. The hiking trail leads along archaeological monuments from the time of the Thirty Years’ War. The town has redesigned the route, opened up the surviving historical remains of the walls of the military outworks and updated and completed the information boards along the trail. At a total of ten stations, information boards explain the town’s defenses and the fortified positions of the attackers. The Manfred Lautenschläger Foundation made the 3D visualizations possible. They are part of the virtual 3D reconstruction of the entire cityscape around 1620, which can be explored at the HD Discovery Station in the Kurpfälzisches Museum.

The siege of Heidelberg

In 1619, Elector Frederick V of the Palatinate was elected King of Bohemia as a Protestant and moved his residence from Heidelberg to Prague. The Battle of White Mountain ended his kingship after just one year. Mocked by his Catholic opponents as the “Winter King”, he had to go into exile with his family to escape the turmoil of war. The consequences of this defeat were devastating for the Electoral Palatinate: the royal seat of Heidelberg became the tragic scene of the Thirty Years’ War. The siege of Heidelberg by imperial Bavarian troops under General Tilly began on July 1622. On September 16, the besiegers entered the city and forced the garrison to surrender on September 19, 1622. The “Historical Trail” is based on contemporary accounts and reports.

In this video, you fly back to Heidelberg’s Celtic era by remote control. Based on scientific facts and with the help of modern game design technology, a realistic picture of the original landscape formed by “wild waters” is drawn (George Hulm, Technical Environment Artist, MESO Digital Interiors ©).

Urban greenery needs more than watering cans and mowing schedules – it needs intelligence, foresight and resilience. Resilience-based maintenance plans are revolutionizing the maintenance of urban vegetation and turning everything we previously thought about green maintenance on its head. Anyone who thinks only of cost-cutting measures and frayed lawn edges has not yet recognized the true innovation.

• Definition and importance of resilience-based maintenance plans for urban green spaces
• Challenges and opportunities in the face of climate change, resource scarcity and urbanization
• Technical and organizational basics: monitoring, data integration and adaptive maintenance
• Practical examples from Germany, Austria and Switzerland: from pilot projects to new standards
• Interactions between biodiversity, climate adaptation and social use of urban green spaces
• Innovative tools: sensor technology, GIS, digital twins and AI-supported decision-making
• Prospects for planning, administration and maintenance companies
• Risks, unresolved issues and necessary cultural change in green space maintenance
• Specific recommendations for developing your own resilient maintenance strategies

Resilience-based maintenance plans: a paradigm shift for urban green spaces

The concept of resilience-based maintenance plans for urban green spaces is as new as it is disruptive – and yet long overdue. Conventional green maintenance has so far focused on maintaining a certain aesthetic condition: lawns short, hedges straight, flower beds accurately planted. But with extreme weather, scarcity of resources and diverse usage requirements, the pressure on urban vegetation is growing. Suddenly, it is no longer enough to simply keep green spaces “in good shape”. They have to withstand stress, adapt and ideally even benefit when environmental conditions fluctuate. This is exactly where resilience begins.

In ecology, resilience describes the ability of a system to withstand disturbances – be it heat waves, heavy rainfall, pest infestation or intensive use – without permanent damage and to regenerate after crises. Applied to the maintenance of urban vegetation, this means that flexible, data-based strategies that anticipate risks and react to changes are needed instead of rigid rotation plans. The maintenance plan becomes a dynamic control unit that not only reacts to wear and tear, but also proactively strengthens the resilience of the entire system.

The advantages are obvious – and yet the path to achieving this is fraught with challenges. If you want to introduce resilience-based care, you have to say goodbye to cherished routines. New indicators for care requirements need to be defined, such as soil moisture, vitality data or usage pressure on individual areas. At the same time, tasks and responsibilities will be redistributed: Maintenance companies, administration, planners and even users are moving closer together. The traditional separation between planning and operation is becoming blurred.

Another aspect that is often underestimated: Resilience-based care is not a cost-cutting measure, but an investment – in the future viability of urban spaces. The changeover initially requires more expertise, better data and a certain willingness to experiment. In the long term, however, the costs for damage repair, replanting and irrigation will fall. The city gains in quality of life, biodiversity and climatic functionality. Not a bad deal if you do it right.

Of course, there are also stumbling blocks. The resilience of urban green spaces depends on many factors: Location, choice of species, soil structure, user behavior, maintenance intensity and, last but not least, political will. Anyone who misuses the term merely as an empty green phrase will be disappointed. Resilience is not a sure-fire success, but a rocky but rewarding path that requires continuous learning and adaptation – exactly what urban landscape architecture needs today.

The paradigm shift towards resilience-based maintenance requires a new view of urban greenery: away from the object and towards the system. Anyone who understands this will not only become a guardian of plants, but also a designer of the urban future.

Technologies, data and adaptive control: the new tools of green maintenance

The path to resilience-oriented maintenance of urban vegetation inevitably leads via digitalization. Whereas just a few years ago, maintenance plans were based on paper and empirical values, digital tools are now available that enable a completely different level of precision, transparency and flexibility. Sensors measure soil moisture, temperature, light intensity and even the impact of footfall or use. Drones and satellites provide high-resolution images that reveal vitality indices and stress factors. GIS systems are becoming the central hub where all the data converges and is analyzed.

But that’s not all: the real quantum leap is the integration of this data into adaptive control systems. With the help of algorithms and artificial intelligence, care requirements can not only be recognized, but also calculated in advance. A practical example: a pilot project is currently being tested in Munich in which sensor technology and weather forecasts are combined to make automatic watering decisions for urban trees. The system learns from each dry period, adjusts the threshold values and suggests maintenance interventions before damage becomes visible. A digital early warning mechanism that not only saves water, but also working time.

Traditional area assessment is also digitized through resilience-based maintenance. Instead of rigidly defined maintenance classes, dynamic stress and risk indicators are used: Which green space is subject to particularly heavy use? Where does a construction site lead to changes in use? Which shrub beds are particularly exposed to the wind? By linking real-time data, historical values and weather forecasts, individual maintenance profiles are created for each area – in a depth that was previously unthinkable.

Another highlight: the integration of urban digital twins into maintenance planning. Digital twins of urban green spaces enable simulations that go far beyond selective measures. How does a new mulching regime affect the water balance of the entire park? What are the interactions between trees, shade and microclimate? What scenarios threaten in the event of heavy rainfall? These questions are no longer the sole focus of research, but increasingly also of municipal practice. Those who use the Digital Twin as a planning tool can not only make maintenance operations more efficient, but also more sustainable and targeted.

Of course, despite all the technology, one central question remains: who evaluates the data, who decides and who takes responsibility? This shows that cultural change is at least as important as the acquisition of new sensors. Care staff must be trained, interfaces between offices created and data protection issues clarified. Only when technology, organization and people work together can resilience-based care develop its full potential.

Digitalization opens up new horizons – but it also requires more coordination, qualifications and openness to change. Those who master this will be rewarded with resilient, vibrant urban greenery.

Practical examples from German-speaking countries: from pilot projects to standards

While many major cities around the world are already relying on resilience-based green maintenance, cities in German-speaking countries are also increasingly going their own way – with impressive pilot projects and the first steps towards new standards. Munich, for example, has attracted nationwide attention with its concept of “climate-resilient tree locations”. Here, not only are drought-resistant tree species selected, but the tree pits are also equipped with innovative substrate technology, sensors and irrigation systems. The aim is for every newly planted tree to survive for at least 30 years, even during heatwaves and dry periods. Care is no longer based on calendar dates, but on real measured stress factors. The results are promising – and the failure rates have fallen significantly.

In Vienna, the city gardens rely on comprehensive monitoring of their parks. Tree vitality data, soil moisture and frequency of use are recorded digitally and fed into a central urban green management system. Maintenance planning is then adaptive: after heavy rainfall, particularly sensitive areas are specifically relieved, and irrigation measures are prioritized after dry periods. The city sees its green spaces as “living systems” whose needs are constantly changing – and reacts flexibly accordingly.

Zurich is also breaking new ground: in selected districts, biodiversity, shading, infiltration capacity and maintenance intensity are integrated into a joint evaluation system. The aim is to systematically increase the diversity and resilience of urban green spaces. What is particularly exciting is that users are actively involved by using apps to report maintenance requirements or feed in their own observations. This creates a new form of citizen participation that not only makes the system more robust, but also socially anchored.

In Germany, away from the metropolitan areas, the example of Mannheim shows how resilient-oriented care also works in existing buildings. Here, maintenance plans for existing parks have been radically changed: The new approach is characterized by less mowing, more wild growth, targeted promotion of native species and a focus on the development of stable vegetation structures. In addition to ecological benefits, the acceptance and identification of the population with “their” park also increases – a social added value that should not be underestimated.

The examples show: Change is feasible, but not a sure-fire success. It requires a pioneering spirit, political backing and close integration of specialist planning, operation and the public. Those who act now can set standards that radiate far beyond their own city. Those who hesitate will be overtaken by climate change and the demands of the future.

The German-speaking world is on the way – but the goal has not yet been reached. The next few years will show which approaches will become the standard and how flexibly cities can respond to new challenges.

Biodiversity, climate resilience and social use: the new balance in urban green spaces

Resilience-based maintenance plans bring a new balance to urban greenery – on several levels. On the one hand, there is biodiversity, which was long considered a side issue in maintenance, but is now regarded as a key quality feature of urban vegetation. The more diverse the species composition, the more resistant the system is to pests, diseases and climatic extremes. Resilience-based maintenance therefore relies on diversity instead of monoculture: different growth forms, flowering times, root depths and life cycles ensure that disturbances cannot undermine the entire system.

But that’s not all: climatic functions are also strengthened through resilience-oriented care. Trees, shrubs and perennials are used and maintained in a targeted manner to maximize evaporation, shading and CO₂ sequestration. Maintenance work is carried out at times with low stress potential for the plants. Mulch, deadwood and wild shrubs are not seen as a sign of neglect, but as building blocks of climatic resilience. In hot summers, less mowing is carried out to reduce evaporation. After heavy rainfall, infiltration areas are specifically maintained to prevent flooding.

The third, often underestimated aspect concerns the social use of urban green spaces. Those who see maintenance in purely functional terms overlook the fact that urban green spaces also provide meeting places, retreats and anchors of identity. Resilience-based maintenance therefore also takes the user perspective seriously: paths are adapted when footpaths form. Seating is moved to where shade is actually needed. Care staff are trained to moderate conflicts between biodiversity and usage pressure. Urban gardening, edible cities and participatory maintenance projects are consciously integrated in order to strengthen the public’s acceptance and sense of responsibility.

The goal is a new balance: urban greenery as a resilient, diverse and socially accepted system that not only fulfills aesthetic, but also ecological and social functions. The path to this goal is challenging, as conflicting objectives need to be openly identified and balanced. Where does maintenance end and wilderness begin? What is more important: biodiversity or intensive use? Who decides when resources are scarce?

Resilience-based maintenance does not provide simple answers, but it does create a framework in which such questions can be continually renegotiated. It makes urban greenery more adaptable – and thus fit for the future.

Those who understand the complex interactions between biodiversity, climate resilience and social use become the conductors of a vibrant, robust and popular urban green.

Outlook and recommendations for action: Designing resilience instead of managing it

Resilience-based maintenance plans are more than a method – they are an attitude. They require planners, administrators and maintenance companies to embrace uncertainty and not just manage risks, but to understand them as part of system development. This means moving away from pure damage prevention towards actively promoting adaptability. Care becomes a design tool that not only preserves the city, but also develops it further.

If you want to successfully introduce resilience-based care, you should start with a thorough inventory: What stressors are affecting urban greenery currently and in the future? Which areas are particularly sensitive? Where is data already available and where is it lacking? Building on this, pilot projects should be developed to test and evaluate different approaches. It is important to involve all relevant stakeholders at an early stage: Planners, care staff, administration, politicians – but also the users of the areas. This is the only way to create a viable concept that is widely accepted.

In technical terms, it is advisable to set up a central data and monitoring system that bundles all relevant information and makes it usable for care planning. Sensor technology, GIS and digital twins are tools, not ends in themselves. It is crucial that they are used in such a way that they strengthen the resilience of the overall system – not just bring selective efficiency gains. Training and qualification measures for staff are essential, as new technology and new processes require new skills.

Communication is an often underestimated success factor. Resilience-based care is often visibly different from traditional methods: Less mowing, more wilderness, targeted interventions instead of rigid routines. This needs to be explained, communicated and discussed in order to create acceptance. Public relations work, participation formats and transparent objectives are therefore just as important as technical innovations.

Ultimately, resilience-based maintenance is not a task for lone fighters, but a joint effort. Anyone who wants to make urban greenery truly resilient needs courage, patience and staying power. But the effort is worth it: cities are becoming greener, more liveable and more climate-friendly – and not just on paper.

The future of urban greening lies in resilience. Those who start today will not only shape the city of tomorrow, but also set standards for an entire industry.

Conclusion: Resilience-based maintenance plans are the key to resilient, diverse and sustainable urban greenery. They combine technological innovation, ecological intelligence and social responsibility to create a new understanding of urban maintenance. Planning, care and use merge into an adaptive, learning system that not only reacts to crises, but actively shapes the future. Those who embark on this path will be rewarded with green, vibrant and resilient cities – and prove that maintenance is anything but routine, but urban design at the highest level.