In our new STEIN series, “Seizing Opportunities,” we share our knowledge about strategies companies can use to achieve long-term success. Wearable pneumatic or motor-driven lifting and assembly aids—known as exoskeletons—can make a craftsman’s daily work easier.
Lifting and carrying heavy loads is just as strenuous and tedious as constantly repetitive overhead work. Transporting and installing natural or engineered stone also puts strain on the shoulders, back, muscles, and joints. Repeated heavy strain on these parts of the body can have a negative long-term impact on employees’ health and productivity and lead to absenteeism due to illness. So-called exoskeletons—lifting and carrying aids worn close to the body—offer a solution.
Exoskeletons are artificial lifting and carrying aids that can be strapped on like a backpack. They reinforce, support, and relieve the skeletal and muscular systems mechanically, pneumatically, or motor-driven, thereby preventing overexertion. Depending on the system and the activity being supported, different body parts—such as the fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, back, or even the legs—are supported. A distinction is made between passive and active exoskeletons, as well as combinations of the two (hybrid systems). Passive systems operate using mechanical spring or gas spring force, even without an external power source. Active exoskeletons are powered electrically or pneumatically, with rechargeable batteries supplying the power. The level of assistance is controlled manually or automatically. These assistive lifting devices weigh between two and five kilograms and are designed to handle loads weighing ten to 30 kilograms. Depending on the manufacturer and system, they are connected via straps to the arms, shoulders, chest, back, and thighs and can be adjusted to fit different body sizes. Padding ensures an even distribution of loads. Some active exoskeletons are also IoT-enabled (e.g., Cray X).
The connection to the Internet of Things (IoT) enables the analysis of load values and activities for statistical purposes, to analyze work performed, or for billing purposes. Integration into Industry 4.0 environments is also possible, for example, to connect to and interact with machines or equipment. Exoskeletons have been in use for several years in the medical field for rehabilitation purposes and in the automotive industry to assist factory workers with repetitive and strenuous tasks. Exoskeletons are also being used more and more frequently in the construction trades—for example, to assist stonemasons, drywall installers, electricians, HVAC technicians, window installers, furniture makers, trade show booth builders, and stair builders with overhead work, as well as when moving or transporting heavy loads.
Read about the available systems and what they can do in the October 2020 issue of STEIN.












