Rembrandt's "Night Watch" to be researched and restored. The work of art

Rembrandt's "Night Watch" to be researched and restored. The work of art

“Operation Night Watch” is the title of an ambitious project. Yesterday, July 8, 2019, restorers began researching and restoring Rembrandt’s “Night Watch”. The work of art, one of the centerpieces of Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum, is to be secured for the future This does not sound unusual at first. The special thing about it is that the public will have a year […]

“Operation Night Watch” is the title of an ambitious project. Yesterday, July 8, 2019, restorers began researching and restoring Rembrandt’s “Night Watch”. The work of art, one of the centerpieces of Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum, is to be preserved for the future

That doesn’t sound unusual at first. The special thing about it is that the public is invited to participate live for a year in this “largest and most comprehensive research and restoration project that Rembrandt’s masterpiece has ever undergone”. More than 20 natural scientists, conservators, restorers and photographers from the Rijksmuseum will carry out this task – in close collaboration with museums and universities in the Netherlands and abroad. So that visitors can follow the process, the restorers are literally sitting in a glass house: in the glass chamber specially designed by French architect Jean Michel Wilmotte, they will use the latest research techniques to examine the overall condition of the Night Watch.

Their repertoire of methods ranges from digital imaging techniques to scientific and material investigations and artificial intelligence. During the examination phase, the experts remove the painting from its frame and place it on a specially constructed easel. With the help of two platform lifts, they can easily examine the monumental canvas (389.5 cm x 354.5 cm). The aim of the project is to gain a better understanding of both the original form and the current state of the Night Watch. The four-hundred-year history of interventions and changes will also be illustrated and documented.

But first, the team of restorers will start by examining how Rembrandt originally applied the paint, what materials he used and what techniques he employed. What effect did earlier treatments and interventions have? How has the aging process progressed? What about decay? Questions of this kind are the focus. However, it is also very important to look ahead: what prospects do the restorers have of preserving the painting for future generations? In conjunction with the results of art history and archival research, the new findings will lead to a plan of action that will form the basis of the restoration.

Night watch: looking ahead

The first step is to photograph the Night Watch in daylight. The plan is to take more than 12,500 partial images at an extremely high resolution of 180 to 5 thousandths of a millimeter. The images will then be digitally assembled into a single picture. Never before has such a large painting been photographed in such high resolution. In this way, every little detail – such as pigments – can be zoomed in on, even those that the naked eye cannot see. Next year, the combination of photography, including infrared and UV imaging, and various advanced imaging techniques such as macro X-ray fluorescence scanning and hyperspectral imaging (RIS – reflectance imaging spectroscopy) will record the condition of the painting in minute detail. To this end, the experts have designed a special precision frame for capturing images: They can mount various cameras and lamps on it.

The painting is scanned millimetre by millimetre using the macro-beam fluorescence scanner. The advantage over a normal X-ray image is that the macro-XRF scans capture the various chemical elements in the paint, such as calcium, iron, potassium and cobalt. However, not only the pigments used are recognizable thanks to the macro-XRF scans, but also the reworking. To fully visualize the painting, 56 scans are required – each taking 24 hours. In addition to the Dutch company AkzoNobel as the main sponsor, numerous donors are making the project possible.

Tip: If you can’t make it to Amsterdam, you can follow “Operation Night Watch” online at: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/nightwatch.

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Marble Architectural Awards 2014

Building design

Advertorial Article Parallax Article

Every year, the Internazionale Marmi e Macchine Carrara presents the “Marble Architectural Award” (MAA) for special projects in natural stone. This time around: a mausoleum, a lobby and a work of art called “Parallel Lives”.

Every year, the Internazionale Marmi e Macchine Carrara presents the “Marble Architectural Awards” (MAA) at the Carraramarmotec trade fair. The focus is always on one of six different regions. In 2014, this was North America, specifically the USA, Canada and Mexico. This shows clear trends and developments within each region. The winners have now been honored at this year’s CarraraMarmotec.

The Lakewood Cemetery Garden Mausoleum in Minneapolis (USA)
Photo: Paul Crosby

In the wake of the economic crisis after 2007, there was a clear trend towards medium-sized projects in North America. There was less demand for natural stone, but where it was chosen, great emphasis was placed on quality and finish. The use of natural stone from all parts of the world again demonstrates the globalization of trade.

The lobby of the building 135 Main Street, San Francisco (USA)
Photo: Matthew Millman

The first prize in the “Exterior” category went to HGA Architects and Engineers for the Lakewood Cemetery Garden Mausoleum in Minneapolis, in which white Carrara marble and various American granites were used. The winner in the “Interior” category is the Aston Pereira and Associates studio with the lobby for the 135 Main Street building in San Francisco. They used Greek marble, Jura limestone from Germany, Italian marble and French yellow onyx. And the winner of the “Urban Design” category is Jacobo Micha Mizrahi for his “Parallel Lives” in Vera Cruz (Mexico). The monument consists of various Mexican rocks.

“Parallel Lives” in Vera Cruz, Mexico
Photo: Archetonic/Eduardo Zaletas/Quitagrapas Estudio Mexico City

The projects honored with the Marble Architectural Awards are summarized in a catalog. This catalog places special emphasis on the stone itself, its technical details and its processing. The Carraramarmotec trade fair was last held in May 2014 in Carrara, Italy.

Trend analysis – The museum 3.0

Building design

to show the artist's working processes or to reveal unrecognizable layers of paint. Photo: Clair Obscur.

Art museums are breaking out of the building walls – into the digital space. Apps and online tours are now part of the permanent repertoire of art education. A survey of German consumers shows how this trend is reflected in the public. Advertorial Article Parallax Article On the website of the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum, almost every exhibit can be viewed zoomed in on in full-screen mode. […]

Art museums are breaking out of the building walls – into the digital space. Apps and online tours are now part of the permanent repertoire of art education. A survey of German consumers shows how this trend is reflected in the public.


3-D
Projection technology makes it possible, for example, to show the artist's work processes or to reveal unrecognizable layers of paint. Photo: Clair Obscur.

On the website of the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum, almost every exhibit can be viewed zoomed in on in full-screen mode. Johannes Vermeer’s Milkmaid from 1660 gazes absorbedly at the high-resolution beam of milk-white bliss. One pupil movement further on, a field with a red background vies for attention: this painting has been “liked” 10,806 times. Next to it, a scissor symbol encourages reproductive complicity: “Get creative”, “Download this work”!

Digital surfaces – apps on tablets and smartphones that wander through the halls in visitors’ hands – have also long been a familiar feature of museum spaces. In fact, this trend is closely linked to the exponential growth in visitor numbers at many art museums. The Staatsgalerie Stuttgart counted 375,694 tickets sold in 2015: an increase of 70 percent compared to the previous year, confirms Director Christiane Lange. New technologies – keyword “augmented reality” – are already on the rise. But can this trend, which focuses on the virtual, be sustained?

A survey conducted by the market research institute Promio on behalf of the media technology company fröbus among 1068 German consumers illustrates the reactions that different digital mediation methods evoke in visitors:

Proximity or distance to the object

The results of the survey show that the digital trend is currently moving back towards the object. Instead of keeping the works seemingly close but at a distance by clicking on a screen at home or integrated into the exhibition, the information conveyed by 3D visualization or projection directly on the object is gaining attention.

This impression is also confirmed by a cross-section of the current start-up scene in museum technology. Light choreography, turntables, 3D prints. The focus is on the work of art in all its facets: Details, reverse sides, as well as reconstructions of the original state are to be made accessible to visitors to the Museum 3.0 (replacing the digital-virtual 2.0). The Berlin start-up Clair Obscur, for example, has developed a new projection technology that can reveal the artist’s working process or hidden layers of paint directly on the painting. “It is important to us,” explains Lene Fischer, co-founder of Clair Obscur, “to create a closeness to the work, to tell the story of an object.”

interactive scape, who specialize in so-called multi-touch tables, choose a different way of communication. These release digital information when they are touched with a specially created haptic object. “Above all, a visit to a museum should be an experience – a tactile experience,” says Marcel Graf from interactive scape, describing their objective. This is particularly relevant in our digital age: “Our mediation concepts focus on a museum you can touch. An experience that you can’t have at home in front of a screen.”