Solar geoengineering for the climate?

Building design
The sun in our grip? Source: Unsplash

The sun in our grip? Source: Unsplash

Everyone is now aware of the consequences of climate change. But what if global warming could be prevented by dimming the sun? The USA has published a report on this. This would be possible with the help of solar geoengineering. But the topic is controversial. Find out more here.

Everyone is now aware of the consequences of climate change. But what if global warming could be prevented by dimming the sun? The USA has published a report on this. This would be possible with the help of solar geoengineering. But the topic is controversial. Find out more here.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines geoengineering as “a broad group of methods and technologies that aim to intentionally alter the climate system in order to mitigate the effects of climate change”. Solar radiation management (SRM) is a subtype of geoengineering. It aims to reduce the rise in temperature by influencing solar radiation.

SRM methods for reflecting sunlight:

  • Brightening surfaces
  • Brighten low-lying sea clouds with sea salt aerosols
  • Introducing aerosol particles into the stratosphere
  • Inoculate cirrus clouds with aerosols so that they absorb more infrared radiation than they would reflect sunlight
  • Space-based methods, such as sunscreen from space and moon dust to reduce solar radiation

Solar geoengineering is arousing the interest of politicians in many countries. The EU is also currently examining measures to deflect solar radiation. The first draft stated: “These technologies pose new risks to people and ecosystems, but could also increase the power imbalance between nations, trigger conflicts and raise a variety of ethical, legal, political and governance issues”.

A few months ago, the USA published a report on the potential dimming of the sun. Here, 60 scientists, led by the renowned climate researcher James E. Hansen Alarm, asked for more detailed research into SRM. The researchers want to investigate the effects of geoengineering before it is put to practical use in the fight against climate change. Their position is as follows: “While we fully support exploration, this does not mean that we support the use of solar geoengineering.” The White House emphasized with regard to the report that there are no plans for a comprehensive research program focused on modifying solar radiation.

The letter shows that there are considerable knowledge gaps in the field of SRM. This can be attributed to the lack of uniformity in research to date. It also points to areas of research that could help to better understand the benefits and risks of SRM. This is because SRM has both climatic and social and environmental impacts. You have to understand: SRM doesn’t just have a local or regional impact, it can change the entire world.

So geoengineering sounds tempting, but its actual effectiveness remains uncertain. The methods would have to be tested in practical experiments. But that is risky. The global climate is a complex system of interactions and dependencies. And humans are not yet sufficiently familiar with these relationships. This means that when we set something in motion, we can only guess at the consequences to a limited extent. Temperature, precipitation and solar radiation, for example, are responsible for what kind of animal and plant species exist in a certain area. SRM could suddenly change precipitation patterns, such as monsoon rainfall. Imagine the impact on agriculture and the livelihoods of many.

Many critics point out the irony that the work of researching SRM should rather be devoted to climate change. Or is SRM a kind of science fiction diversion? Because the main cause of global warming remains CO₂ emissions. SRM advocates, on the other hand, see the need for an experiment at Earth system level. But that would be an experiment with eight billion people.

POTREBBE INTERESSARTI ANCHE

#BeautySalonVanGoghMuseum

Building design
Amsterdam / Maurice van der Meijs

Amsterdam / Maurice van der Meijs

How the barber came to the museum: Last Wednesday, January 19, 2022, more than 70 museums, concert halls and theaters in the Netherlands protested against the ongoing closure of cultural institutions with unusual actions. In this way, the institutions drew attention to the unequal treatment of the cultural sector during the corona pandemic, as stores, hairdressers and gyms remained open. This is how […]

How the barber came to the museum: Last Wednesday, January 19, 2022, more than 70 museums, concert halls and theaters in the Netherlands protested against the ongoing closure of cultural institutions with unusual actions. In this way, the institutions drew attention to the unequal treatment of the cultural sector during the corona pandemic, as stores, hairdressers and gyms remained open.Amsterdam’s Van Gogh Museum, for example, was transformed into a beauty salon for a day: hashtag #BeautySalonVanGoghMuseum

In particular, the strict ban on cultural events since December 19, 2021 has met with resistance in the Netherlands. To express their protest, numerous museums therefore briefly opened for special events last Wednesday, January 19, 2022. In Amsterdam’s Van Gogh Museum, for example, nail artists were able to show off their skills, while other museums offered yoga classes, haircuts and manicures. Concert organizers also joined the unusual protest. Without further ado, the venerable Concertgebouw was transformed into a “Kapsalon Concertgebouw”, where you could also have your hair cut during a rehearsal of the symphony orchestra led by conductor Susanna Malkki! An unusual performance that met with great approval from the audience. Charles Ives’ Symphony Number 2 was played. “We don’t understand it and there is no justification for it, because in the last two years we have shown that it is very, very safe to go to a concert or a museum,” emphasized Simon Reinink, the director of the Concertgebouw.

Across the street at the Van Gogh Museum, visitors were offered manicures, beard care and a professional haircut at the same time under the hashtag #BeautySalonVanGoghMuseum , while viewing paintings by Vincent van Gogh. “We want to emphasize that it is safe to visit the museum,” commented Emilie Gordenker, the museum’s director since February 2020. “This is definitely something completely new at the Van Gogh Museum”. The museum director also adds: “More and more people are visiting museums in search of spiritual depth and the meaning of life, among other things. We also need a ‘mental’ gym!”. The area of ‘mental health’ is just as relevant for our museum, especially because of Van Gogh’s own mental state.”

Manicure, beard care and a professional haircut

Many institutions in the capital took part in the protests in this way. They all found it unfair that cultural institutions had to close during the lockdown, while stores, hairdressers and gyms remained open. On January 16, 2022, the one-month lockdown was eased in the Netherlands, allowing hairdressers, gyms and stores to reopen. Cultural institutions, on the other hand, were to remain closed.

Creative resistance on the part of cultural institutions

Gunay Uslu from the Dutch Ministry of Culture showed understanding for the protests, but urged caution. She wrote on Twitter: “There are creative protests on the part of cultural institutions. I understand this cry for help and that artists also want to show all the beautiful things they have to offer us, but the easing of the lockdown must take place step by step. Culture is right at the top of the agenda for us.” The government therefore held out the prospect of any easing of the strict coronavirus measures for January 25, 2022 at the earliest.

Reading tip: As of this week, solo self-employed cultural workers in Germany, including freelance restorers, can apply for Restart Aid 2022. They receive support that is not linked to operating expenses. Applications for Neustarthilfe 2022 in the funding period from January to March are now open. Read more here.

Ceramic diversity

Building design
Portfolio

Portfolio

The ceramics specialist NBK from Emmerich in the Lower Rhine region realizes façade designs that place the highest demands on creativity and inventiveness. For the detailed implementation of architectural designs, all resources in process engineering, color and glaze development, surface quality and the production process, right up to the firing of the ceramics, are activated.

With “Terrart”, the system for terracotta façades from NBK, a wide variety of design details can be realized in terms of shape, color, surface texture and glaze for unique, tailor-made solutions. NBK also offers unusual shapes, whether convex, concave, trapezoidal, curved or bent – with different radii and angles. Further variations are possible thanks to different profiles and matching corner solutions. With the option of combining different terracotta elements with each other, the variety of ideas and their realization can be increased even further. Whatever is to be expressed – from powerful to elegant, from restrained to eye-catching, from classic to avant-garde – NBK realizes individual architectural façade concepts.

An outstanding example of this is the residential tower at 111 West 57th Street in New York, which is currently being built next to the historic Steinway Hall and is therefore also known as the Steinway Tower. With a height-to-width ratio of 1:24, the tower will be the slimmest building in the world. For the exterior façade, the New York architectural firm SHoP Architects has opted for curved, extruded ceramics from NBK, finished with a special glaze. Upward-striving ceramic strips alternate with curved bronze profiles, and both give the window strips an incomparable look. The variety of ceramic profiles and the semi-transparent play of colors of the exclusive cream-white glaze, which shimmers from light to dark, create a lively effect.

Reeser Str. 235
46446 Emmerich
Emmerich, Germany

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