UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2021

Building design
UNESCO

on the banks of the Lahn. Photo: W. Bulach

UNESCO met until July 31 to decide on the new World Heritage Sites for 2021, awarding the three spa towns of Baden-Baden, Bad Ems and Bad Kissingen as well as the Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt. But there are also losers. You can find everything about the new World Heritage Sites here.

UNESCO met until July 31 to decide on the new World Heritage Sites for 2021, awarding the three German spa towns of Baden-Baden, Bad Ems and Bad Kissingen as well as the Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt. But there were also losers. For the third time in history, the UN organization has withdrawn the title from a city – namely Liverpool. You can find everything about the UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2021 here.

The UNESCO World Heritage Committee met in 2021 from July 16 to 31. This year, the 44th session was chaired by those responsible in Fuzhou, China. The meeting was broadcast live on the internet. The topics and responsibilities of the committee are firstly the nominations for the World Heritage List, secondly the state of conservation and protection of numerous sites and thirdly the further development of the World Heritage program. More than 40 sites were nominated in 2021. These included, for example, the rainforests and wetlands of the Colchis region in Georgia, as well as the mining landscape of Roșia Montană in Romania and the estate of landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Germany, on the other hand, was involved with these five nominations:

The committee also reviewed the state of conservation of 258 World Heritage sites. 53 of these sites are officially endangered World Heritage sites. Armed conflicts, climate change, natural disasters and construction projects threaten the United Nations World Heritage Sites. The Committee therefore discussed individual measures, programs and international funding projects to support these World Heritage sites.

The World Heritage Committee discussed the situation of the following sites:

In addition, the Committee is addressing the question of whether the Selous Game Reserve (Tanzania) and the maritime trading town of Liverpool should be removed from the World Heritage List.

An overview of the new UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Ancient beech forests and primeval beech forests of the Carpathians and other regions of Europe (Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovakia, Czech Republic)

Archaeoastronomical complex of Chanquillo (Peru)

Arslan Tepe (Turkey)

As-Salt – a place of tolerance and urban hospitality (Jordan)

Mining landscape Roșia Montană (Romania)

The work of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – people-oriented urban design (Slovenia)

Dholavira: A city of Harappan culture (India)

The arcades of Bologna (Italy)

The engineering of Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida (Uruguay)

The islands of Amami-Oshima, Tokunoshima, Iriomote and the northern part of the island of Okinawa (Japan)

Franciscan missions in the Sierra Gorda in Querétaro (Mexico)

Getbol, the Korean tidal flats (Republic of Korea)

Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Lower Germanic Limes (Germany, Netherlands)

Dutch water defense lines (Netherlands)

Ivindo National Park (Gabon)

Cordouan Lighthouse (France)

Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (Germany)

Nice, winter resort of the Riviera (France)

Padua’s fresco cycles from the 14th century (Italy)

Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, Landscape of Arts and Sciences (Spain)

Prehistoric sites of the Jomon in northern Japan (Japan)

SchUM sites Speyer, Worms and Mainz (Germany)

Spa (Belgium), Bad Ems, Baden-Baden and Bad Kissingen (Germany), Vichy (France), Montecatini Terme (Italy), Baden near Vienna (Austria), Karlovy Vary, Františkovy Lázně and Mariánské Lázně (Czech Republic) and Bath (United Kingdom).

Temple of Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa), Telangana (India)

Trans-Iranian Railway (Iran)

Kaeng Krachan forest complex (Thailand)

Rock carvings on Lake Onega and the White Sea (Russian Federation)

Cultural area of Ḥimā (Saudi Arabia)

Quanzhou: market and trading center of the Song-Yuan dynasty (China)

Colchian rainforests and wetlands (Georgia)

Colonies of Mercy (Belgium, Netherlands)

Slate Landscape of North West Wales (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

Lower Germanic Limes

Settlements and artificial mummification of the Chinchorro culture in Arica y Parinacota (Chile)

Roberto Burle Marx site (Brazil)

Hawraman/Uramanat cultural landscape (Iran)

Sudanese-style mosques in the northern Ivory Coast (Côte d’Ivoire)

UNESCO World Heritage: Important spa towns in Europe

A total of eleven European cities have now been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2021 with the new title of “Important European Spa Towns”. Their special significance is due to their architectural opulence and choice of materials, which today define the framework of an urban planning type of spa town. Places developed around healing springs that today are witnesses to a once flourishing spa culture. We present these places in this article and also take a look at other towns that have been awarded the title of UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Bad Ems

The Rhineland-Palatinate town on the River Lahn was once considered one of the most famous bathing resorts in Germany. Tsar Alexander II and the later German Emperor Wilhelm I are two of the illustrious guests who exchanged their uniforms for bathing robes here. The insignia of the spa town – Kurhaus, Colonnades, Kursaal, Casino and Kurpark – line the banks of the Lahn like a cast of water, according to the UN organization.

Baden-Baden

Impressive buildings of outstanding importance for spa architecture were erected in the town on the River Oos during the heyday of spa culture. These include the Trinkhalle, designed by Heinrich Hübsch, with its richly decorated lobby. The casino, redesigned in the French neo-baroque style by patron Jacques Bénazet in the 19th century, is also one of them. The Bénazet family’s donations made Baden-Baden “the summer capital of Europe” at the time, according to Lisa Poetschki, Site Manager of the World Heritage Site.

Bad Kissingen

Similar to entering a church, the sublimity of Max Littmann’s Trink- und Wandelhalle slows you down, writes the UN organization. As a result, the building broke a few of the superlatives of the time. After all, it was the largest reinforced concrete building of its kind, the first enclosed drinking hall. It is still the largest drinking hall in Europe today. The central landmark of the town and further evidence of the spa culture of the 20th century is the Regentenbau, the most magnificent building in Bad Kissingen.

Baden near Vienna in Austria, Bath in England, Montecatini in Italy, Vichy in France, Spa in Belgium and the Czech towns of Karlsbad, Franzensbad and Marienbad are also among the eleven important spa towns in Europe listed by UNESCO.

Other artistically and architecturally significant cities in Germany have also been awarded the UNESCO seal:

Darmstadt

An early 20th century ensemble is located on a hill on the edge of Darmstadt’s city center. The buildings erected by artists are described by the director of the Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt Institute as the “cradle of the Bauhaus”. Between 1901 and 1914, the Mathildenhöhe provided internationally influential impulses in architecture and modern art. Here in Darmstadt were the first buildings to break away from the ornate Art Nouveau style. Clear lines and minimalist decoration thus led the way into a new age of architecture.

SchUM cities on the Rhine

Due to their outstanding importance for European Jewry in the Middle Ages, the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz – Shpira, Warmaisa and Magenza in Hebrew – have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Some of the oldest evidence of Jewish life in Germany can be found here. The history of the synagogues, Talmud schools, women’s schools, ritual baths and cemeteries in the ShUM cities dates back to the 10th century. The design of the buildings shaped the architecture of Jewish buildings in large parts of Europe.

Since the last meeting of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, however, the historic port city of Liverpool can no longer call itself a World Heritage Site. Planned construction projects such as “Liverpool Waters” and the development of the Bramley Moore Dock since the nomination in 2004 would endanger the historic character of the port area too much. In the history of UNESCO World Heritage, the title has only been withdrawn twice before: Oman was removed from the list in 2007 for reducing the size of an antelope sanctuary by 90 percent, and the cultural landscape of Dresden’s Elbe Valley in 2009 due to the construction of the Waldschlösschen Bridge.

Also interesting: Find out why the planned highway tunnel under one of the UK’s most famous sights – the UNESCO World Heritage Site Stonehenge – will not be built here.

POTREBBE INTERESSARTI ANCHE
Villa Stuck will reopen on October 18 after 20 months of renovation. Photo: Nikolaus Steglich

Villa Stuck will reopen on October 18 after 20 months of renovation.
Photo: Nikolaus Steglich

Villa Stuck reopens: after 20 months of renovation, the Munich Künstlerhaus shines in new splendor. Visitors can expect not only a modernized museum with barrier-free access and expanded exhibitions – a work by Franz von Stuck that was long considered lost is also being presented for the first time. With special international exhibitions and an inclusive educational program, Villa Stuck is setting new accents in Munich’s cultural landscape.

On October 18, 2025, after 20 months of construction work on Prinzregentenstrasse, the Villa Stuck Museum will reopen its doors. The reopening of the Villa Stuck marks an important moment for Munich’s cultural life, as the building combines history, contemporary art and innovative educational programs to create an overall experience.

The renovation work on the Villa Stuck was necessary to bring the listed artists’ house up to date both technically and structurally. The building was last completely renovated between 1999 and 2004. After more than two decades, numerous technical systems such as air conditioning and alarm technology as well as fire protection systems had to be completely renewed. The aim was to continue to meet international standards for the protection of valuable works of art. The reopening of the Villa Stuck is also an architectural event. In addition to the technical renovations, the facades, sculptures and reliefs were restored. Roof figures, portals and garden walls were carefully restored in concrete in order to ensure their long-term substance and safety. The colorful façade reliefs based on designs by Franz von Stuck himself were reworked, as were the antique casts. The artist’s garden was also redesigned and enhanced with an extended path system and new planting. Special attention was paid to accessibility. In future, the museum will be accessible via the new entrance on Ismaninger Straße. Inside, elevators, checkrooms and sanitary facilities have been modernized to ensure equal access for all visitors.

The reopening of Villa Stuck not only brings technical improvements, but also new spatial concepts. For example, an underground utility room has been created to relieve the garden area and create space for visitors. The historic rooms now feature new furnishings, new hangings and some previously unpublished works by Franz von Stuck. Highlights include the “Fantastic Hunt” (before 1890), the “Vision of St. Hubertus” (1890) and the portrait of a woman from Mainz, newly added to the collection, which was previously only known in a black and white reproduction. Restorations of Stuck’s idiosyncratic painting technique, including the overpainted Baroque painting “Beheading of St. John”, provide new insights into his work. In the music salon, the historical furnishings with vermilion-colored silk curtains have also been reconstructed. In collaboration with the Doerner Institute, an art-technological examination of the wall paintings was carried out, the results of which are presented in special guided tours.

With the reopening of the Villa Stuck, the museum is also launching a new exhibition program. Two central exhibitions accompany the relaunch:

  • “Chicks on Speed. Utopia” – A comprehensive retrospective of the internationally renowned artists’ collective, which has been combining art, music, performance, fashion and activism for 30 years. The show presents works from three decades, including installations, music projects and performances.
  • “Louise Giovanelli. A Song of Ascents” – The British painter’s first major solo exhibition in Germany. In her paintings, Giovanelli focuses on stage sets, rituals and collective experiences between promise and abyss.

In addition, the “Of Books and Libraries” project opens the museum’s own specialist library to visitors for the first time. Here, books can be browsed through and rearranged, allowing interactive access to the collection.

A central component of the reopening of the Villa Stuck is the new educational program. It was developed with a focus on inclusion and cultural participation. In addition to offers for children in cooperation with inclusive daycare centers, there are programs for people with dementia or psychiatric experience. Touch tours and guided tours in sign language take place regularly. Workshops, writing workshops, discussion series and an inclusive museum choir complete the program. Villa Stuck aims to be not just a museum, but a lively meeting place for all sections of the population.

Following the reopening of the Villa Stuck, opening hours have been extended: The museum is open every day except Mondays from 11 am to 6 pm, and on Wednesdays even until 8 pm. A special offer is the “Friday Late” on the first Friday of every month, when the museum is open until 10 pm and can be visited free of charge. For the “Long Night of Munich Museums” on October 18, 2025, Villa Stuck will remain open until 01:00. Admission is also free on the two Sundays following the reopening, October 19 and 26.

The refurbishment was initiated by the City of Munich as the client. Kiessler Architekten were responsible for the planning and implementation, supported by various specialist planning offices for structural engineering, air conditioning, fire protection and landscape architecture. The work is divided into two construction phases: The first was completed in time for the opening on October 17, 2025, while the second will end in spring 2026. Outstanding measures include the complete replanting of the garden, the restoration of the sculptures and the opening of a new museum restaurant and a lecture room in the basement.

The reopening of the Villa Stuck is more than just the return of a building steeped in tradition. It stands for the successful bridging of historical architecture, modern museum technology and a program that allows visitors to experience art in all its facets. With the combination of restored historical rooms, international exhibitions and an inclusive educational program, Villa Stuck is repositioning itself in Munich’s cultural landscape. Visitors can look forward to a diverse program ranging from early childhood art education to interdisciplinary concerts. The reopening of the Villa Stuck thus sends out a strong signal: Art history and contemporary art go hand in hand here, and the house remains a place of lively cultural encounters.

Read more: How the Dresden Porcelain Collection presents itself in a new light.

White roofs cool better than green roofs, according to a new study

Building design
pAlthough green roofs have many advantages, white roofs might be the better choice to counteract the heat island effect in cities. Photo: via unsplash

pAlthough green roofs have many advantages, white roofs might be the better choice to counteract the heat island effect in cities. Photo: via unsplash

Everyone is talking about green roofs, but other roof colors also have a positive effect on the urban heat island effect. A study from the UK has shown that white-painted roofs have a better cooling effect than green roofs. They could reduce temperatures in London by up to 1.2°C on hot days.

Heat build-up in cities is an increasingly important issue that is much discussed in the context of the heatwaves that now occur every year. White paint helps: both roofs and other surfaces store less heat when they are light in color. Reflective roofs with a white or light color could reduce the temperature in entire districts by 1.2°C or even up to 2°C, according to a study. The scientists carried out computer simulations using the British capital London as an example. They were also able to show that planted roofs, street greenery and photovoltaic systems only have a minor cooling effect.

The new study in the journal “Geophysical Research Letters”, led by Oscar Brousse from University College London, analyzes the effects of various measures on temperatures in Greater London. The team used data from July 26 and 27, 2018, two days with maximum temperatures. With an accuracy of one kilometer and one study, the scientists’ three-dimensional model showed the temperature curves in the various urban areas. The simulation ran for eleven runs.

Cool roofs performed best by far: They can cool the surrounding area by up to 2°C. This includes roofs that are painted white. Special thin-film materials, light-colored concrete and light-colored metal also help to reflect the sun’s rays. In this way, the roofs do not heat up too much.

According to the study, London could reduce its temperatures by 0.5°C if all the roofs in question were covered with solar cells. Trees and street greenery could reduce temperatures by 0.3°C, green roofs by 0.5°C – but only during the day. At night, green roofs can increase the temperature of the surrounding area by up to 0.5°C, as their evaporation contributes to higher humidity and therefore muggier air.

The researchers also calculated what other effects cities like London can use to mitigate hot temperatures. They found that cool roofs are the best way to keep the environment as cool as possible, even on hot summer days.

Solar panels on London rooftops would be enough to power air conditioning systems across the city and keep the temperature inside buildings at around 21°C. However, as these dissipate heat from the building to the outside, the overall average temperature in the city would actually increase. Nevertheless, solar cells are not a bad choice as they attract less heat than other dark roofs. This is because they are located above the roof and absorb a large proportion of the solar radiation before it can heat up the building.

The situation is similar with green roofs: Although they produce heat at night, they ensure cooler temperatures during the day. They also help to increase biodiversity. They are closely related to blue roofs, which play a role in the sponge city in particular by storing water and helping to regulate rainwater run-off to prevent flooding. Rainfall can be reused with the help of roof cisterns to water green roofs or flush toilets in the building.

And brown roofs are a variant of green roofs. They focus entirely on biodiversity to compensate for the fact that a lot of habitat is lost when cities are built. Materials such as soil and rubble can be used to restore habitats for locally endangered species.

Further south, it has long been known that white roofs are a particularly good solution in hot weather. In Greece, for example, many roofs and exterior walls are painted white. This makes it possible to reflect up to 85 percent of the sunlight, which keeps the building cooler. The surrounding air also remains cool. However, these roofs do not benefit flora and fauna. They also do not help with rainwater storage.

Ultimately, there is no perfect solution for cooler cities. Green roofs are becoming increasingly popular and are now even mandatory for new buildings in some cities. The debate between green and white roofs continues, but it is clear that a combination of green, white, blue and brown brings many valuable benefits to cities. It therefore makes sense to promote innovative approaches that make life in the city pleasant even in summer.

Read more: In June 2024, our print edition was all about the roof.