The substance that permanently retains carbon dioxide in the soil: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Pietsch and Dr.-Ing. Heino Kamieth present a substrate made from compost and biochar in Hamburg that helps both allotment gardeners and the climate.
Slowing down the rise inCO2 in the atmosphere is one of the most important goals in the fight against climate change. Ecosystem services can make a valuable contribution to this. Jürgen Pietsch, Professor Emeritus at Hamburg University of Technology and founder of the Ecosystems Cultivation Office, presented concrete ways to implement this at the traditional Hamburg Patriotic Society. Dr. Heino Kamieth, former Head of Forestry, Landscape and Nature Conservation for the City of Hanover, provided support.
Both have been working on urban ecology issues for several decades – Pietsch in a university context, Kamieth on the basis of urban green development. They are driven by the question of howCO2 can be permanently stored, particularly in urban soils.
Their research focuses on ecosystem services, which are among the key concepts in the fight against global warming. Storing carbon in the soil (soil carbon sequestration) can remove carbon dioxide and other climate-damaging carbon compounds from the earth’s atmosphere – a significant contribution to climate protection.
Permanent carbon dioxide storage in the soil
It is well known that soils globally store around four times as much carbon as vegetation and more than twice as much as the atmosphere. Previous concepts have focused on the renaturation and rewetting of moors or agriculture. There are competing projects for many ecosystem elements with the exception ofCO2 sequestration in garden soils.
Jürgen Pietsch’s concept is the first to focus on the potential of urban areas. This is because garden soils on which fruit and vegetables are grown store around five times moreCO2 than agricultural land due to their humus content.
However, Pietsch does not stop at just playing with numbers, but designs a bundle of networked mechanisms for how ecosystem services can be effective in urban areas by improving the soil: A well thought-out, sustainable cycle management.
An element in the urban mix of urban green spaces that has been neglected for a long time is being given new weight – allotment gardens. Pietsch calculated that up to 50,000 tons ofCO2 can be permanently stored in Hamburg’s allotment gardens alone. As a benchmark, he cites the 6,322 tons ofCO2 equivalents that the Hamburg savings bank Haspa has to offset annually in its sustainability report.
Allotment gardens benefit from the storage of greenhouse gases
Adding humus to garden soil alone is not enough. This would only bindCO2 for a short time. Only by adding biochar and another available additive is permanent storage possible. Pietsch calls this balanced mixture “ECO Climate Protection Substrate S”. It was developed in collaboration with Hamburg R&D facilities using the project management tool Cultivation Thinking.
In addition to binding carbon dioxide, the substrate has other desirable effects: Soils become more fertile and higher yielding, biodiversity increases, the nutrient balance and the ability to store water improve.
The climate-friendly substrate can be used in a variety of ways – it is just as suitable for garden soil as it is for raised beds or sustainable green roofs. This was the result of initial tests in collaboration with the Technical University of Hamburg. But how can the production and distribution of the climate protection substrate be organized and financed? And why does the local economy also benefit fromstoring CO2 in allotment garden soil?
Closing the gap in the sustainable circular economy
The green waste from urban green spaces and residential areas could be used to produce the ECO climate protection substrate S, as it is already produced today in recycling centers and processed into compost or incinerated. In Hamburg, compost is already marketed by a subsidiary of the city’s waste management department. In future, the wood content of green waste could be used to produce municipal biochar, and the resulting waste heat could be fed into the city’s district heating system.
Jürgen Pietsch suggests setting up non-profit companies as a sustainable link in the value chain of existing municipal waste disposal companies. Monitoring the actual ecosystem performance of soils would also be a task that should be taken on by a specially founded non-profit limited company. Certification could thus be controlled and carried out on site. Taking Hamburg as an example, banks and insurance companies based in the Hanseatic city could acquire the certificates and thus offset their greenhouse gas emissions.
In addition to fulfilling ESG requirements, this would also improve their image, as the effects would be felt locally.
Why are allotment gardens suitable for the project?
Why does Jürgen Pietsch focus his activities on allotment gardens? One reason is that, thanks to their association structure, they have a high level of organization and regularly consult specialist advisors who can provide information on the benefits of using the climate protection substrate. They are also legally obliged to use part of their garden areas “for the production of horticultural products for their own use”.
Certificates bear the costs
This inexpensive method of naturalCO2 storage is also economically attractive. The costs are covered by the payment from the certificate holders. About one third of the proceeds would be needed to cover the management costs, two thirds could flow into the coffers of the allotment gardeners.
Within the framework of the project, allotment gardens could gain further importance within the city. Their outdated image was already being dispelled by a boom at the start of the coronavirus pandemic. Their promotion of climate protection has given them new relevance.
An agreement between the allotment garden associations and the city of Hamburg already states that the number of plots must not fall below 40,000. Allotment garden areas can increase the well-being of the entire metropolitan population, especially if they continuously contribute tobinding CO2 in the soil. Pietsch suggests the Horner Marsch allotment garden site as a pilot project. It consists of many plots that are too large and is therefore to be restructured over the next few years.
As there is hardly any space for wind turbines in Hamburg, the method of using soils as natural reservoirs would be particularly suitable for achieving the city’s prescribed climate targets.
Bahn-Landwirtschaft, Karlsruhe, which owns allotment garden areas throughout Germany, is involved in the project. Managing Director Matthias Albrecht from the Hamburg district of the association emphasized his support for the project at the Patriotische Gesellschaft. As a next step, Jürgen Pietsch is currently drawing up a guideline for action with Bahn-Landwirtschaft. Basically, his aim is to “bring stakeholders together for the idea.”
If this succeeds, the sustainable improvement of urban soils with the climate protection substrate is likely to be talked about even more often in the future.
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